Geography

To the north and south of the equator, there are two westward-moving currents, i.e., the North and the South Equatorial Currents. Between these two, there is the counter equatorial current which moves from west to east. The South Equatorial Current bifurcates into two branches near the Cape De Sao Roque in Brazil and its northern … Read more

The major movements of the ocean waters can be classified into three. They are: Waves Tides Ocean Currents Waves and the ocean currents are horizontal movements of ocean waters while the tide is a kind of vertical movement of the ocean water. Waves Waves are nothing but the oscillatory movements that result in the rise … Read more

Difference in density As we all know, the density of sea water varies from place to place according to its temperature and proportion of salinity. The density increases with an increase in salinity and decreases with a decrease in salinity. But when the temperature increases, density decreases and when the temperature decreases density increases. This … Read more

The mountains, on the basis of their mode of formation, can be classified as: Fold Mountains Mountain ranges mainly consisting of uplifted folded sedimentary rocks are called Fold Mountains. They are formed due to the force of compression arising from the endogenic or internal forces. Synclines (trough) and anticlines (crest) are part of Fold Mountains. … Read more

Coral reefs harbour the highest biodiversity of any ecosystem globally and directly support over 500 million people worldwide, mostly in poor countries. They are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth, largely due to unprecedented global warming and climate changes, combined with growing local pressures. A spike of 1–2°C in ocean temperatures sustained over several … Read more

Pediplains When the high relief structures in deserts are reduced to low featureless plains by the activities of wind, they are called as Pediplains. Deflation Hollows Deflation is the removal of loose particles from the ground by the action of wind. When deflation causes a shallow depression by persistent movements of wind, they are called … Read more

Soil erosion: Among the agents, water is considered as the main cause of soil erosion. Main agents of soil erosion are (1) Water, (2) Wind, (3) Waves and (4) Glaciers Removal of the top layer of soil by various means, which include both natural events and human activities, is called as soil erosion. Decline of … Read more

. Physical or mechanical weathering processes depend on some applied forces. Unloading and Expansion Removal of overlying rock load because of continued erosion causes vertical pressure release. Thus, the upper layers of the remaining rock expand to produce disintegration of rock masses. Fractures will develop roughly parallel to the ground surface. In areas of curved … Read more

Chemical weathering can be due to solution, carbonation, hydration or oxidation/reduction. Solution When something is dissolved in water or acids, the water or acid with dissolved content is called a solution. This process involves the removal of solids in solution and depends upon the solubility of a mineral in water or weak acids. When coming … Read more

Marine heatwaves are periods of extremely high temperatures in the ocean.  This phenomenon causes ocean temperatures to be extremely warm for an extended period that can have significant impacts on marine ecosystems and industries.​  These can occur in summer or winter. The most common drivers of marine heatwaves include: Ocean currents can build up areas … Read more