KPSC KAS Mains 2018 Paper 3

20. What are Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs)? Discuss IPRs and their implications on forestry and allied sectors in India with suitable illustrations. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember: Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs), their types relevant to forestry (plant varieties, geographical indications), implications for innovation, conservation, and access to resources in India. Introduction: Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) are legal rights granted to inventors and creators for their inventions, artistic works, designs, and symbols. In India, these are protected under various laws … Read more

21. Describe the role of NGOs in JFM (Joint Forest Management) with special reference to biodiversity conservation. Justify with suitable examples. (Not more than 250 words)

Points to Remember: NGOs’ role in JFM Biodiversity conservation through JFM NGO contributions and examples Challenges faced by NGOs in JFM Introduction: Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a participatory approach involving local communities and government forest departments in managing forests. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in this process, particularly in promoting biodiversity conservation. … Read more

18. Define Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and write its importance. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember: Definition of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Importance of BOD in environmental monitoring Introduction: Join Our Telegram Channel Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) is a measure of the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter in a water sample. It’s a crucial indicator of water quality, reflecting the level … Read more

19. Define keystone species. Discuss the importance of keystone species in conservation biology. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember: Definition of keystone species. Role of keystone species in maintaining ecosystem balance. Importance in conservation biology. Examples of keystone species. Introduction: Join Our Telegram Channel A keystone species is a species whose presence and role within an ecosystem disproportionately affects the abundance and diversity of other species. Their removal can lead to … Read more

17. What are the primary and secondary air pollutants? Explain the human health problems caused by air pollution. Add a note on air pollution in New Delhi. (Not more than 250 words)

Points to Remember: Subscribe on YouTube Primary vs. Secondary Pollutants Health Impacts of Air Pollution Case Study: Air Pollution in New Delhi Introduction: Air pollution, the contamination of the atmosphere by harmful substances, poses a significant threat to human health and the environment. Pollutants are classified as primary (emitted directly) or secondary (formed through atmospheric … Read more

16. Explain waste-based energy. Give an account of recently developed biomass-based energy technology for sustainable development. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember: Waste-based energy utilizes waste materials as fuel sources; biomass is a key component; sustainable development requires environmental and economic considerations. Join Our Telegram Channel Introduction: Waste-based energy, also known as waste-to-energy (WtE), involves converting non-recyclable waste into usable energy. Biomass, organic matter from plants or animals, is a significant source for WtE. … Read more

14. What is watershed? Highlight the importance of watershed in conserving natural resources. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember: Definition of watershed, its importance in natural resource conservation (water, soil, biodiversity). Introduction: A watershed, also known as a drainage basin, is an area of land where all the water that falls on it drains off to a common outlet, such as a river, lake, or ocean. Effective watershed management is crucial … Read more

15. Explain the conventional methods of municipal wastewater treatment. Add a note on the uses of treated wastewater. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember: Conventional wastewater treatment involves primary, secondary, and tertiary stages. Treated wastewater has various beneficial uses. Introduction: Municipal wastewater treatment aims to remove pollutants from sewage before discharge into the environment. Conventional methods employ a series of physical, biological, and chemical processes to achieve this. Untreated wastewater poses significant health and environmental risks. … Read more

13. Differentiate between Manures and Fertilizers with suitable examples and briefly describe the classification of nitrogenous fertilizers based on the form of nitrogen present in N-fertilizers. (Not more than 250 words)

Points to Remember: Join Our Telegram Channel Manures are organic, while fertilizers are inorganic. Manures improve soil structure, while fertilizers primarily provide nutrients. Nitrogenous fertilizers are classified based on the form of nitrogen they contain. Introduction: Manures and fertilizers are both soil amendments used to enhance crop productivity. Manures are organic substances derived from decomposed … Read more

12. Mention the methods of agricultural price stabilization. Briefly describe the price policies in India to stabilize agricultural prices with their objectives and illustrate the current method of calculation of Minimum Support Price (MSP) by CACP. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember: Methods of agricultural price stabilization: Buffer stocks, price supports, market interventions. Indian price policies: MSP, procurement, export/import controls. CACP’s MSP calculation: Cost of production + reasonable margin. Introduction: Agricultural price stabilization aims to protect farmers from volatile market prices and ensure food security. India, with its large agrarian population, employs various methods … Read more

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