Polity

The fundamental principle underlying the working of parliamentary system of government is the principle of collective responsibility. Article 75 clearly states that the council of ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. This means that all the ministers own joint responsibility to the Lok Sabha for all their acts of ommission and commission. They … Read more

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act, 2009 This act is an embodiment of  Article 21-A, which says that every child has a right to full time elementary education of satisfactory and equitable quality in a formal school which satisfies certain essential norms and standards. Article 21-A and the RTE Act … Read more

This act is a progressive tool passed by Indian parliament. The  act is in accordance with the modern liberal principles and ethos. Salient features of the act are: Disability has been defined comprehensively and no. of disability have been raised from 7 to 21.Speech and Language Disability and Specific Learning Disability have been added for … Read more

State public service commission are dealt by the same set of the articles i.e. from art 315 to 323. The SPSC is the highest recruiting agency in state. It is an independent constitution body. But the SPSC have not been able to do justice with them, the reason are as follows: Perceived corruption: Among the … Read more

Under Indian Consititution, All the Fundamental Rights are available against the ‘State’ but only 4 fundamental Rights are available against both State as well as against Private Individual. These Fundamental Rights are : Article 15(2) – Provides that No citizen shall be subject to any kind of discrimination on the basis of his race, religion, … Read more

The Governor of state, unlike the President of India, is conferred with power to act at his own discretion. There are two categories of discretion for the governor. One is Constitutional Discretion and the other is Situational Discretion. Constitutional Discretion of Governor The Governors of states can act at their constitutional discretion in the following … Read more

Wrongful restraint: The expression “Wrongful re­straint” implies keeping a man out of a place where he wishes and has a right to be. Section 339 defines it thus: “Whoever voluntarily ob­structs any person so as to prevent that person from proceeding in any direction in which that person has a right to proceed is said … Read more

The district judge is the highest judicial authority in the district. He possesses original and appellate jurisdiction in both civil as well as criminal matters. In other words, the district judge is also the sessions judge. When he deals with civil cases, he is known as the district judge and when he hears the criminal … Read more

Indian  constitution is a sacred document but not a static one. It allows changes if the demand is made by the society. Indian constitution is not envisaged to be rigid it was made flexible enough to be accommodative of the dynamic aspiration of society. More than 100 amendments in the constitution hitherto is a proof … Read more

The Second commission on Centre-State Relations was set-up by the Government of India in April 2007 under the Chairmanship of Madan Mohan Punchhi, former Chief Justice of India.It was required to look into the issues of Centre-State relations keeping in view the sea-changes that have taken place in the polity and economy of India since … Read more