Polity

Article 323 A and 323 B of the constitution empowers parliament and state legislature to establish tribunals. Although the tribunals have reduced the burden of cases on High courts, they are facing some issues:   Lack of infrastructure and man power availability. These tribunals do not have power to enforce the decree. Now aggrieved party … Read more

Any MP who is not a Minister isreferred to as a private member. Bills introducedby Ministers are referred to as government bills.They are backed by the government and reflect itslegislative agenda. Private member’s bills arepiloted by non-Minister MPs. Introduction in the House: The admissibility of a private member’s Bill isdecided by the Presiding Officer. The … Read more

It refers to basing our advice and decisions on rigorous analysis of evidence. OR The principle of objectivity implies that the decisions and actions should be based on observable phenomena and should not be influenced by emotions, biases or personal prejudices. Objectivity ensures:  Civil servants take decisions on the merit of the case and … Read more

Tax on black money The most important way to view demonetisation is as a tax  administration measure, one designed to tax holdings of black money. Of course,  demonetisation of large denomination notes is not exactly the same as demonetisation  of black money. Some cash holdings were perfectly “white”, the fruit of income upon  which taxes … Read more

The concept of neutrality has three implications: public confidence in the non-political character of public service, Confidence of ministers belonging to any political party in the loyalty of the permanent subordinates, and High morale of public servants based on the confidence that promoting would be made not on the basis of political considerations but on … Read more

The Zilla Parishad stands at the apex of the three-tier structure of the Panchayati Raj system. Generally, the Zilla Parishad consists of representatives of the Panchayat Samiti; all the members of the State Legislature and the Parliament representing a part or whole of the district; all district level officers of the Medical, Public Health, Public … Read more

. In January 1957, the Government of India appointed a committee to examine the working of the Community Development Programme (1952) and the National Extension Service (1953) and to suggest measures for their better working. The chairman of this committee was Balwant Rai G Mehta. The committee submitted its report in November 1957 and recommended … Read more

The Protection of Human Rights Act of 1993 (TPHRA) also provides a State Human RightsCommission at the state level.SHRC shall inquire into violation of human rights in respect of matters specified in statelist and concurrent list. But if NHRC or any other statutory commission has alreadyinquired then the SHRC doesn’t investigate into it. Objectives and … Read more

  Code of conduct Code of ethics It is specific and narrow in range. It is general and broad in nature It governs actions. It governs decision making. focused on compliance and rules etc focused on values and principles. generally addressed to and intended for employees alone. publicly available and addressed to anyone with an … Read more