Karnataka, a state in Southern India, boasts a diverse and extensive river network that plays a crucial role in its ecological balance, agricultural prosperity, and cultural heritage. The state's drainage system is a complex web of rivers, tributaries, and streams that flow in different directions, contributing to the rich biodiversity and economic development of the region.
Major River Systems
Karnataka is home to seven major river systems:
Godavari: Though only a small portion of the Godavari basin falls within Karnataka, it holds significance as a major peninsular river.
Krishna: The second largest river in peninsular India, the Krishna, covers a significant portion of northern Karnataka. Its major tributaries in the state include the Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, and Bhima rivers.
Cauvery: Originating in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, the Cauvery is the largest river in the state. It flows through the southern part of Karnataka, creating fertile plains and supporting a vast population.
North Pennar: Also known as the Uttara Pinakini, the North Pennar flows through the eastern part of Karnataka.
South Pennar: The South Pennar, or Dakshina Pinakini, traverses a smaller portion of Karnataka compared to the North Pennar.
Palar: This river flows through the southeastern part of Karnataka, contributing to the irrigation and water needs of the region.
West-Flowing Rivers: Karnataka also has numerous west-flowing rivers that originate in the Western Ghats and drain into the Arabian Sea. These rivers, though shorter in length, are vital for the coastal regions of the state. Some of the prominent west-flowing rivers include the Sharavathi, Netravati, Kali, and Aghanashini.
Drainage Patterns
The drainage patterns in Karnataka are largely influenced by the topography and geological structure of the region. The Western Ghats, a mountain range running along the western coast of the state, act as a watershed divide. Rivers originating in the Western Ghats flow eastward and westward, creating distinct drainage patterns.
East-Flowing Rivers: These rivers are generally longer and have larger catchment areas. They flow through the Deccan Plateau and contribute significantly to the irrigation and water supply in the eastern parts of Karnataka.
West-Flowing Rivers: These rivers are shorter and have steeper gradients. They flow rapidly through the Western Ghats, forming picturesque waterfalls and gorges. They are crucial for hydroelectric power generation and water supply in the coastal regions.
Significance of Rivers in Karnataka
The rivers of Karnataka play a vital role in the state's economy, environment, and culture.
Agriculture: The fertile river basins support a wide range of agricultural
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