11. Briefly explain the importance of agriculture in Indian Economy and mention the scope of agriculture in India. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember:

Agriculture’s contribution to GDP and employment.
Challenges faced by the sector (low productivity, climate change).
Opportunities for growth (technology, value addition).

Introduction:

Agriculture remains the backbone of the Indian economy, employing a significant portion of the population and contributing substantially to the national GDP, although its share has been declining gradually. While exact figures fluctuate yearly, it consistently remains a major sector. Its importance extends beyond economic contribution to food security and rural livelihoods.

Body:

Economic Significance: Agriculture contributes significantly to India’s GDP and provides livelihoods for over half of its population. It’s a major source of foreign exchange earnings through exports of agricultural products like tea, spices, and rice.

Challenges: The sector faces numerous challenges including low productivity due to fragmented landholdings, inadequate irrigation, and lack of access to modern technology. Climate change poses a significant threat,

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impacting crop yields and water availability. Post-harvest losses also remain a major concern.

Scope for Growth: Despite challenges, the scope for growth in Indian agriculture is substantial. Technological advancements like precision farming, improved seeds, and efficient irrigation techniques can boost productivity. Value addition through processing and marketing can enhance profitability. Government initiatives promoting organic farming and sustainable agricultural practices offer further avenues for growth.

Conclusion:

Agriculture’s importance to India’s economy and social fabric is undeniable. While challenges persist, leveraging technology, improving infrastructure, and promoting sustainable practices can unlock the sector’s immense potential, ensuring food security, rural prosperity, and holistic national development. A focus on farmer empowerment and market access is crucial for achieving this.

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