16. Explain waste-based energy. Give an account of recently developed biomass-based energy technology for sustainable development. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember: Waste-based energy utilizes waste materials as fuel sources; biomass is a key component; sustainable development requires environmental and economic considerations.

Introduction: Waste-based energy, also known as waste-to-energy (WtE), involves converting non-recyclable waste into usable energy. Biomass, organic matter from plants or animals, is a significant source for WtE. Sustainable development necessitates environmentally friendly and economically viable energy solutions.

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Types of Waste-Based Energy: WtE

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technologies include incineration (burning waste for heat and electricity), anaerobic digestion (breaking down organic waste to produce biogas), and gasification (converting waste into syngas).

Recent Biomass-Based Technologies: Advanced biomass gasification systems offer higher efficiency and reduced emissions compared to traditional methods. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical process, converts biomass into biochar (a soil amendment) and bio-oil (a fuel). These technologies minimize landfill waste and contribute to renewable energy generation.

Sustainability Aspects: While WtE offers energy security and waste reduction, potential drawbacks include air pollution from incineration and the need for efficient waste sorting. Sustainable implementation requires stringent emission controls and careful consideration of lifecycle impacts.

Conclusion: Waste-based energy, particularly advanced biomass technologies like gasification and pyrolysis, offers a promising pathway towards sustainable development. By prioritizing efficient waste management, stringent environmental regulations, and responsible technology deployment, we can harness the energy potential of waste while minimizing negative impacts, promoting a cleaner and more sustainable future.

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