5. Briefly explain the measures and remedies taken by the government to control pollution. (Not more than 150 words)

Points to Remember: Government measures to control pollution include legislative action, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns. Effectiveness varies depending on enforcement and public participation.

Introduction: Pollution, encompassing air, water, and land contamination, poses significant threats to human health and the environment. Governments worldwide implement various measures to mitigate its effects. The effectiveness of these measures is often debated, with challenges ranging from enforcement to technological limitations.

Body:

Legislative Framework: Governments enact laws setting emission standards for industries and vehicles, regulating waste disposal, and protecting natural resources. Examples include the Clean Air Act (USA) and the National Green Tribunal Act (India). These laws, however, are only as effective as their enforcement.
Technological Interventions: Incentives and regulations promote the adoption of cleaner technologies, such as renewable energy sources, pollution control equipment in industries, and electric vehicles. However, the high initial cost of these technologies can be a barrier, particularly for developing nations.
Public Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public about the causes and consequences of pollution is crucial. Government campaigns promote responsible waste management, sustainable consumption, and the use of public transport. However, behavioural change requires sustained effort and community engagement.

Conclusion: Controlling pollution requires a multi-pronged approach encompassing stringent legislation, technological innovation, and effective public awareness programs. While significant progress has been made, consistent enforcement, increased investment in cleaner technologies, and stronger public participation are vital for achieving sustainable environmental outcomes. A holistic approach focusing on both prevention and remediation, guided by constitutional principles of environmental protection, is essential for a healthier future.

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