E — WASTE
E-waste is not hazardous if it is stocked in safe storage or recycled by scientific methods or transported from one place to the other in parts or in totality in the formal sector. The e-waste can be considered hazardous if recycled by primitive methods
Survey was carried out by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) during 2005
In India, among top ten cities; Mumbai ranks first in generating e-waste followed by Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, Pune, Surat and Nagpur.
SOLID WASTE
the discarded (abandoned or considered waste-like) materials does not include solid or dissolved materials in domestic sewage, or solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or industrial discharge s0 Conventional plastics have been associated with reproductive problems in both humans and wildlife.
Dioxin (highly carcinogenic and toxic) by-product of the manufacturing process is one of the chemicals believed to be passed on through breast milk to the nursing infant.
Burning of plastics, especially PVC releases this dioxin and also furan into the atmosphere.
Pyrolysis-It is a process of combustion in absence of oxygen or the material burnt under controlled atmosphere of oxygen. It is an alternative to incineration. The gas and liquid thus obtained can be used as fuels.
Waste Minimization Circles (WMC)
helps Small and Medium Industrial Clusters in waste minimization in their industrial plants. assisted by the World Bank with the Ministry of Environment and Forests acting as the nodal ministry. being implemented with the assistance of National Productivity Council (NPC), New Delhi.
aims to realise the objectives of the Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution (1992), which states that the government should educate citizens about environmental risks, the economic and health dangers of resource degradation and the real economic cost of natural resources.
BIOREMEDIATION
the use of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) to degrade the environmental contaminants into less toxic forms.
Phytoremediation
is use of plants to remove contaminants from soil and water .
Rhizofiltration
- a water remediation technique that involves the uptake of contaminants by plant roots.
- used to reduce contamination in natural wetlands and estuary areas.
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