Cold Desert/ Temperate Desert

  Cold desert of India include areas of ladak, leh and kargil of kashmir and spiti valley of Himachal  Pradesh and some parts of northern Uttaranchal and Sikkim. Lies in rain shadow of Himalaya Oak, pine, deodar, birch and rhododendron are the important trees and bushes found there. Major  animal include yaks, dwarf cows, and … Read more

functional classification of urban settlements Problems of human settlement in India

  The definition of function varies across the disciplines. In political science it refers to duties, in mathematics it means the relationship between two variables and in geography it is synonymous to occupation. Geographers have classified towns on the basis of their site, situation, size, rank, location and relative elevation. Functional classification of towns attempts to categorize … Read more

economy

here are the books, articles and notes for following topics Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. Government Budgeting. Effects of liberalization on the economy,changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.   Infrastructure: Energy, Ports, Roads,Airports, Railways etc.   Investment … Read more

Privileges and immunities of Parliament and its Members

Parliamentary privilege  is a legal immunity enjoyed by members of certain legislatures, in which legislators are granted protection against civil or criminal liability for actions done or statements made in the course of their legislative duties. The Presiding Officer i.e. Speaker in case of Lok Sabha and Chairman in case of Rajya Sabha, is the custodian … Read more

Various National Missions and Programmes:-

MNREGA Jan Dhan Yojna Atal Pension Yojna Skill India Mission Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana Sukanya Samridhi Yojana Pradhan Mantri  Garib Kalyan Yojana Jan Aushadhi Yojana (JAY) Nai Manzil Scheme for minority students The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) or Housing for all … Read more

Features, Amendments and Significant provisions of Indian Constitution

Amendments Amendments to the Constitution are made by the Parliament, the procedure for which is laid out in Article 368. An amendment bill must be passed by both the Houses of the Parliament by a two-thirds majority and voting. In addition to this, certain amendments which pertain to the federal nature of the Constitution must … Read more

Indian culture

Indian culture will cover the salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. for the said topic we can use ignou material …which i am uploadingHindi medium –https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B_FR6Jkv0z2cbDdqYTE4b1E3UDQ&usp=sharingEnglish medium –https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B_FR6Jkv0z2ccUIxV1VTVEdiZlU&usp=sharingits very lengthy material of 400 pages but you would know its importance only after reading it as it covers complete … Read more

Soil Pollution

Soil Pollution is the Contamination of the soil by human and natural activities which may cause harmful effects on living beings. This may be due to the following factors. (i) Industrial wastes: Industries are the major causes for soil pollution Textiles, steel, paper, Cement, oil, dyeing and other industries are responsible for soil pollution. Toxic … Read more

Micro, Small and Medium enterprises

Importance of micro, small and medium enterprises Apart from playing a significant role in meeting national objectives of balanced growth, poverty alleviation and equity promotion, serve as nurseries for corporate enterprises of future. Financing MSMEs Advantages Loans are priced relatively higher when compared with large corporate, hence the average account profitability percent from the MSME … Read more